钢铁企业烟粉尘重点排放源分析

调研并核算了我国典型钢铁企业烧结、球团、炼焦、高炉炼铁、转炉炼钢、热轧、冷轧、自备电站和石灰窑等工序的烟粉尘年排放量及其占全厂的比例。分析了钢铁厂内烟粉尘排放的重点工序,以及各工序中的主要排放源。筛选出了钢铁企业的十大烟粉尘重点排放源,总计占全厂烟粉尘排放量的80.44%。并为钢铁企业的烟粉尘治理及排放监测提出了建议。     

长沙市冬季某商场建筑室内外细颗粒物浓度的实测与分析

对长沙市冬季某商场建筑室内餐饮区、化妆品区、鞋包区、服饰区和室外同步进行了细颗粒物(PM2.5)质量浓度的实测.分析了室内不同功能区、室外PM2.5质量浓度随时间的变化特征,并分析了温度、相对湿度、风速、大气压力对PM2.5质量浓度的影响.结果表明:室外PM2.5质量浓度高于室内;室内餐饮区PM2.5质量浓度最高,其次是化妆品区和服装区,鞋包区最低;室内人为活动和室外污染共同影响着室内颗粒物质量浓度;风速与PM2.5质量浓度相关性较弱,温度、相对湿度、大气压力与PM2.5质量浓度具有较强的相关性.     

淮北桃园煤矿北八采区煤系砂岩水水化学特征及其水源判别

桃园煤矿北八采区在开拓掘进过程中煤系砂岩多处出现涌水现象,且涌水量大、水温高、水质异常。为了判断北八采区砂岩水的水源,对矿井各含水层及北八采区砂岩水进行了系统采样,并对常规水化学指标进行了测试和分析。结果表明:北八采区煤系砂岩水与井田南部采区砂岩水水化学指标存在较大差异,而与奥灰水的水化学指标基本一致,该区"砂岩水"已不具有正常砂岩裂隙水的水质特征,具有奥灰水的水质特征,接受奥灰含水层水的补给。研究成果为该区"砂岩水"的防治提出了可靠的地质依据。     

广西饮用水水源地环境保护规划中期评估研究

文章以2007年广西纳入《全国城市饮用水水源地环境保护规划（2008－2020年）》的142个县级以上城市集中式饮用水源地的数据为参照,采用定量和定性相结合的方法,从规划指标、重点工程及资金到位等方面评估规划期前5年（2008－2012年）的各项工作及指标完成情况,并对规划实施效果进行综合评价。结果表明,规划期前5年的实施相对缓慢,执行过程中存在部分环保指标及重点工程的实施困难、资金来源不足等问题,提出了加强规划评估工作、创新机制增加资金投入等推动规划实施的改进措施及建议。     

武河湿地主要污染源的调查与分析研究

以武河湿地为例,对注入到武河湿地的主要污染源陷泥河的水质进行调查取样,用连续流动化学分析仪对采样点的水质进行分析,通过陷泥河水中不同形态氮、磷含量分析引起该点水污染的主要污染源;最后通过对比武河湿地入口和下游的氮、磷含量,分析武河湿地降解水体污染物和净化水质的功能.结果表明:武河湿地主要污染源为工业废水和生活污水;同时表明武河湿地具有一定的降解水体污染物和净化水质的功能.     

碳源种类对同步脱氮除磷颗粒污泥除磷性能的影响

以厌氧/好氧交替运行培养的具有脱氮除磷功能的颗粒污泥为对象,研究不同碳源条件下对除磷特性的影响。研究结果显示,醋酸钠为单一碳源培养的颗粒污泥呈淡黄色,粒径分布较均匀,主要为双球菌和短杆菌,磷平均去除率为84.77%,厌氧末端释磷量平均为89.76 mg/L,最大释磷和吸磷速率分别为106.33mg/(g·h)和50.92 mg/(g·h);乙酸钠葡萄糖为复合碳源培养的颗粒污泥呈白色和淡黄色,粒径分布不均匀,主要为单球菌,磷平均去除率为93.06%,厌氧末端释磷量平均为75.52 mg/L,最大释磷和吸磷速率分别为92.84 mg/(g·h)和28.23 mg/(g·h),两种碳源条件下表现出良好的除磷能力。     

一株耐硝酸盐的巨大芽孢杆菌溶磷特性研究

以多种磷源培养基培养巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megatherium)NCT-2,研究了该菌的溶磷特性.结果表明,在以磷酸钙为磷源时,溶磷效果随菌株的生长而发生变化,在第2 d菌株生长量最大,溶磷效果最好;不同碳氮源会影响菌株的溶磷效果,菌株优先利用葡萄糖,其次为麦芽糖和蔗糖,而对淀粉的利用能力较差;对氮源的利用顺序依次为(NH4)2SO4NH4Cl尿素Na NO2KNO3;磷酸钙的浓度会影响菌株溶磷效果,浓度过低或过高都会导致溶磷量过低.菌株对多种难溶性含磷物溶解效果的研究表明,菌株对植酸钙溶磷量最高,为98.1 mg·L-1,对Fe PO4、Al PO4的溶解能力稍弱,在30~40 mg·L-1之间,对卵磷脂溶磷量最小,为6.15 mg·L-1.通过对培养基中磷酸酶活性和有机酸进行分析,初步研究了NCT-2的溶磷机制,发现该菌通过产生酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶或产酸溶解难溶磷,不同磷源的溶磷机制有所不同.     

Vertical characteristics and source identification of PM10 in Tianjin

Ambient PM₁₀ (particulate matter with a diameter less than 10 μm) concentrations were measured on a 255 meter tower in Tianjin, China. The samples were collected at four vertical levels (10, 40, 120 and 220 m). Vertical characteristics for PM₁₀ samples were studied. The results showed that the concentrations of PM₁₀ and constituent species had a negative correlation with the sampling height. The highest concentrations of PM₁₀ and species were obtained at the 10 m level, and the lowest concentrations were measured at the 220 m level. For the fractions of species to total mass, SO₄^2- and NO₃^- had higher values (fraction) at greater height; while Ca had a higher fraction at lower height. Possible source categories for the PM₁₀ ambient dataset were identified by the principal component analysis method. The possible source categories included crustal dust, vehicles, cement dust, and incineration as well as secondary sulfate and nitrate sources. Analysis of meteorological factors on PM₁₀ concentrations indicated that wind speed and inversion may be the main factors contributing to different concentrations of PM₁₀ at different heights.     

Ammonia pollution characteristics of centralized drinking water sources in China

The characteristics of ammonia in drinking water sources in China were evaluated during 2005-2009. The spatial distribution and seasonal changes of ammonia in different types of drinking water sources of 22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions and 4 municipalities were investigated. The levels of ammonia in drinking water sources follow the order of river > lake/reservoir > groundwater. The levels of ammonia concentration in river sources gradually decreased from 2005 to 2008, while no obvious change was observed in the lakes/reservoirs and groundwater drinking water sources. The proportion of the type of drinking water sources is different in different regions. In river drinking water sources, the ammonia level was varied in different regions and changed seasonally. The highest value and wide range of annual ammonia was found in South East region, while the lowest value was found in Southwest region. In lake/reservoir drinking water sources, the ammonia levels were not varied obviously in different regions. In underground drinking water sources, the ammonia levels were varied obviously in different regions due to the geological permeability and the natural features of regions. In the drinking water sources with higher ammonia levels, there are enterprises and wastewater drainages in the protected areas of the drinking water sources.     

系列混合碳源条件下颗粒化EBPR系统菌群结构变化规律研究

在SBR反应器中接种富含聚磷菌的活性污泥,采用一系列不同丙酸/乙酸比例混合的碳源进行EBPR系统污泥的颗粒化培养,并考察了颗粒化进程中的系统菌群结构变化,以及不同混合碳源条件对系统功能菌种竞争的影响.结果表明,污泥颗粒化过程对EBPR系统菌群结构产生了较大的筛选作用.原本在系统中占优势的一类Uncultured bacterium被迅速淘汰;Uncultured Rhodocyclaceae bacterium、部分Candidatus Competibacter phosphatis、部分Denitrifying bacterium、Acinetobacter及部分Uncultured alpha proteobacterium分别逐渐被淘汰.在各个成熟的颗粒化EBPR系统中,除磷微生物主要为Uncultured Chlorobi bacterium与Uncultured alpha proteobacterium.不同混合碳源条件培养的颗粒化EBPR系统菌群结构差异主要表现为Candidatus Competibacter phosphatis(聚糖菌)与Uncultured Chlorobi bacterium(聚磷菌)菌群数量的不同.混合碳源中乙酸比例的提高可造成颗粒化EBPR系统中Candidatus Competibacter phosphatis的增长,使系统的除磷效率下降.而碳源中丙酸比例相对较高的条件有利于Uncultured Chlorobi bacterium增长,从而有助于颗粒化EBPR系统维持较好的除磷效率.